Alloy 600
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 600 |
| Trade Name | Inconel 600 |
| Description | A nickel-chromium alloy designed for use from cryogenic to very high temperatures in the range of 2000 °F (1093 °C). |
| Application Notes | Inconel 625 has tremendous resistance to a wide range of unusually severe corrosive environments including high-temperature effects such as oxidation and carburization. Its outstanding strength and toughness in temperature ranges from cryogenic temperatures to high temperature up to 2000° F (1093° C) are derived primarily from the solid solution effects of the refractory metals Columbium and molybdenum in a nickel-chromium matrix. Nickel chromium alloy 625 has excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, high corrosion-fatigue strength, high tensile strength as well as resistance to stress corrosion cracking to chloride ions — making it an excellent choice for sea-water applications. Inconel is used in aerospace applications as well as marine applications. |
| Industry Uses / Products | Furnace components, chemical processing, food processing nuclear engineering, flexible metal hose tubing, bellows manufacturing |
| UNS | N06600 |
| Specifications | ASTM B168, ASME SB-168, AMS 5540 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.304 |
| Yield Strength, Sy, Psi | 35,000 |
| Tensile Strength, Su, Psi | 80,000 |
| Elongation % | 30 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 30000000 |
| Coeff. Thermal Expansion, in/in/˚F | 0.0000092 |
Post Weld Heat Treatement (PWHT)
| Hardening | Cannot be hardened by heat treating |
Chemical Compostion, %
| Iron, Fe | 6.00 – 10.00 |
| Nickel, Ni | 72.0 min. |
| Chromium, Cr | 14.0 – 17.0 |
Alloy 625
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 625 |
| Trade Name | Inconel 625 |
| Description | A non-magnetic, corrosion and oxidation resistant, nickel-chromium alloy. The high strength of Inconel 625 is the result of the stiffening combination of molybdenum and niobium on the nickel chromium base of the alloy. |
| Application Notes | Inconel 625 has tremendous resistance to a wide range of unusually severe corrosive environments including high-temperature effects such as oxidation and carburization. Its outstanding strength and toughness in temperature ranges from cryogenic temperatures to high temperature up to 2000° F (1093° C) are derived primarily from the solid solution effects of the refractory metals Columbium and molybdenum in a nickel-chromium matrix. Nickel chromium alloy 625 has excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, high corrosion-fatigue strength, high tensile strength as well as resistance to stress corrosion cracking to chloride ions — making it an excellent choice for sea-water applications. Inconel is used in aerospace applications as well as marine applications. |
| Industry Uses / Products | Flexible metal hose, Tubing bellows Heat exchangers, Seals, Bellows, Marine Components |
| UNS | N06625 |
| Specifications | ASTM B443 Gr 2, ASME SB-443, AMS 5599 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.305 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 28000000 |
| Coeff. Thermal Expansion, in/in/˚F | 0.0000069 |
Alloy 625 LCF
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 625 LCF |
| Trade Name | Inconel 625 LCF |
| Description | A fatigue-resistant, bellows-quality version of INCONEL alloy 625. Process designed and controlled to provide a sheet product with optimum resistance to low-cycle and thermal fatigue at up to 1200°F (650°C). |
| Application Notes | The alloy offers a high level of performance in aircraft exhaust and automotive flexible coupling bellows, expansion joints in process or transport piping, and other applications involving resistance to low-cycle or thermal fatigue. |
| UNS | N06626 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.305 |
| Poisson’s Ratio, ν | 0.31 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 28000000 |
| Coeff. Thermal Expansion, in/in/˚F | 0.0000092 |
Alloy 718
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 718 |
| Trade Name | Inconel 718 |
| Description | A high strength nickel base superalloy used for cryogenic temperatures up to long term service at 1200°F. |
| Application Notes | The alloy is readily fabricated and may be welded in either the annealed or precipitation (age) hardened condition. Anneal 1700 -1850°F, air cool or faster. Age 1325°F 8 hours, furnace cool to hold at 1150°F, for a total aging time of 18 hours, air cool. Alloy 718 will show a contraction of 0.0008 inch/inch after precipitation hardening. |
| UNS | N07718 |
| Specifications | ASTM, ASME SB AMS 5596 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.297 |
| Poisson’s Ratio, ν | 0.31 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 28000000 |
| Coeff. Thermal Expansion, in/in/˚F | 0.0000076 |
Invar 36
| Bellows Materials | Invar 36 |
| Description | A nickel-iron, low-expansion alloy containing 36% nickel. It maintains nearly constant dimensions over the range of normal atmospheric temperatures, and has a low coefficient of expansion from cryogenic temperatures to about 500°F. |
| Application Notes | The alloy also retains good strength and toughness at cryogenic temperatures. INVAR 36 can be hot and cold formed and machined using processes similar to austenitic stainless steels. |
| Industry Uses /Products | Cryogenic bellows, Instrument bellows, Vacuum Bellows for semiconductor industry |
| UNS | K93600 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.293 |
| Yield Strength, Sy, Psi | 35000 |
| Tensile Strength, Su, Psi | 42 |
| Coeff. Thermal Expansion, in/in/˚F | 0.0000008 |
| Melting Point, ˚F | 2605 |
Post Weld Heat Treatement (PWHT)
| Stress Relive | 2 hrs at 600F air or oven cool |
| Annealing | 1 hr at 1550F after forming and /or welding |
Alloy 400
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 400 |
| Trade Name | Monel 400 |
| Description | A nickel copper alloy which has high strength over a wide temperature range up to 1000 F. It has resistance to a wide variety of corrosive conditions. |
| Application Notes | Monel 400 is most frequently applied in a range of environments going from mildly oxidizing through neutral and to moderately reducing conditions. Additional application area of this material is in marine environments and other non-oxidizing chloride solutions. Like with commercially pure Nickel, Monel® 400 is low in strength in the annealed condition, for this reason a variety of tempers are used to achieve higher strength levels. Monel 400 is one of the few alloys that maintains its strength in sub-zero or cryogenic temperatures, so it is often used in those applications. |
| Industry Uses /Products | Marine Components chemical equipment hydrocarbon processing valves pumps fittings fasteners heat exchangers flexible metal hose |
| UNS | N04400 |
| Specifications | Sheet – ASTM B127, ASME SB127, AMS 4544 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.319 |
| Yield Strength, Sy, Psi | 28000 |
| Tensile Strength, Su, Psi | 70000 |
| Elongation % | 35 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 28000000 |
Post Weld Heat Treatement (PWHT)
| Hardening | Cannot be hardened by heat treating |
Alloy 201
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 201 |
| Description | A wrought commercially pure Nickel with a maximum carbon level of 0.02%. This alloy provides highly ductile mechanical properties across a wide temperature range.It provides corrosion resistance in neutral to moderately reducing environments. Nickel 201 is ferromagnetic. It provides high thermal and electrical conductivity in comparison to nickel-base alloys, stainless and low alloy steels. Because of its low carbon content (.02% max.) Nickel 201 may be considered for service above 600 °F (316 °C), where alloy 200 with higher carbon content is not recommended. |
| UNS | N02201 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.322 |
| Yield Strength, Sy, Psi | 12000 |
| Tensile Strength, Su, Psi | 50000 |
| Elongation % | 30 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 28000000 |
Alloy 825
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 825 |
| Trade Name | Inconel 825 |
| Description | A nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum-copper alloy |
| Application Notes | This alloy has high levels of chromium, nickel, copper and molybdenum to provide excellent corrosion resistance to both moderately oxidizing and moderately reducing environments. Far superior when compared to the standard stainless steels. |
| UNS | N08825 |
| Specifications | ASTM B424, ASME SB-424, AMS 5542 |
Material Properties
| Poisson’s Ratio, ν | 0.31 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 28000000 |
Other Comments
As an austenitic, nickel-base alloy, the material is ductile over a wide range of temperatures from cryogenic to well in excess of 1000°F (538°C).
Inconel 903
| Bellows Materials | Inconel 903 |
| Description | An agehardenable nickel-iron-cobalt alloy whose outstanding characteristics are a constant low coefficient of thermal expansion, a constant modulus of elasticity, and high strength. |
| UNS | N09903 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.298 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 28000000 |
| Melting Point, ˚F | 2405-2539 |
Incoloy 800
| Bellows Materials | Incoloy 800 |
| Description | A nickel-iron-chromium alloy with good strength and resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures. |
| Application Notes | The alloy in addition to its excellent general corrosion resistance is also highly resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking. |
| Industry Uses /Products | Food process equiqmpent, furnace equipment, tubes and manifolds |
| UNS | N08800 |
| Specifications | ASTM B409, ASME SB-409, AMS 5871 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.294 |
| Poisson’s Ratio, ν | 0.31 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 28000000 |
Chemical Compostion, %
| Iron, Fe | 39.5 |
| Nickel, Ni | 30-35 |
| Chromium, Cr | 19.0-23.0 |
Alloy 800H
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 800H |
| Trade Name | Incoloy 800H |
| Description | A nickel-chromium -iron alloy having similar basic composition as Incoloy 800, with significantly higher creep rupture strength. |
| Application Notes | The higher strength results from close control of carbon, aluminum and titanium contents in conjunction with a high temp anneal. The 800H modification was to control carbon (0.05 to 0.10%) and grain size to (>ASTM 5) to optimize stress rupture properties. Incoloy 800 H has further modifications to the combined titanium and aluminum levels (0.85 to 1.2%) to ensure optimum high temperature properties. The alloy is usually dual certified and combines the properties of both forms. It has excellent resistance to carburization, oxidation and nitriding atmospheres. 800HT will not become embrittled even after long periods of usage in the 1200-1600 deg F range where many stainless steels become brittle. Excellent cold forming characteristics typically associated with the nickel-chromium alloys are exhibited with 800HT. When cold formed extensively the grain size produces a visibly undulated surface called “orange peel”. 800HT can be welded by the common techniques used on stainless steels. |
| Industry Uses /Products | Typical applications include ethylene pyrolysis, hydrocarbon cracking, cracking furnaces for vinyl chloride, diphenol and acetic acid. The alloy is also used for components exposed to corrosive attack from 1100 to 1800 deg F. |
| UNS | N08810 |
| Specifications | ASTM B409, ASME SB-409, AMS 5871 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.287 |
Chemical Compostion, %
| Iron, Fe | 39.5 |
| Nickel, Ni | 30-35 |
| Chromium, Cr | 19.0-23.0 |
Alloy 800HT
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 800HT |
| Trade Name | Incoloy 800HT |
| UNS | N08811 |
| Specifications | AMS 5542 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.287 |
Chemical Compostion, %
| Iron, Fe | 39.5 |
| Nickel, Ni | 30.0-35.0 |
| Chromium, Cr | 19.0-23.0 |
Alloy X
| Bellows Materials | Alloy X |
| Trade Name | Hastelloy X |
| Description | A nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloy that possesses an exceptional combination of oxidation resistance, formability and high temperature strength. |
| Application Notes | It is also exceptionally resistant to stress-corrosion cracking in petrochemical applications. Alloy X exhibits good ductility after prolonged exposure at temperatures of 1200, 1400, 1600 °F for 16,000 hours. It has excellent formability and welding characteristics. |
| Industry Uses /Products | Furnace Equipment, Chemical Process, Aircrract and Gas Turbine Combustion Components |
| UNS | N06002 |
| Specifications | ASTM B435, AMS%%36 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.297 |
| Yield Strength, Sy, Psi | 35000 |
| Tensile Strength, Su, Psi | 95000 |
| Elongation % | 35 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 29700000 |
| Coeff. Thermal Expansion, in/in/˚F | 0.0000077 |
| Melting Point, ˚F | 2470 |
Chemical Compostion, %
| Iron, Fe | 18 |
| Nickel, Ni | 47 |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 9 |
| Chromium, Cr | 22 |
| Manganese, Mg | 1 |
| Cobalt | 1.5 |
| Tungsten, T | 0.6 |
Alloy B-2
| Bellows Materials | Alloy B-2 |
| Trade Name | Hastelloy B-2 |
| Description | Alloy B-2 is a solid solution strengthened, nickel-molybdenum alloy typically used in extreme reducing conditions. |
| Application Notes | Alloy B-2 has significantly lower carbon, silicon and iron compared to the predecessor, alloy B (UNS N10001). Compared to alloy B, alloy B-2 is less susceptible to weld zone corrosion in the as-welded condition. Controlling other alloying elements such as iron and chromium resolved potential issues with forming and shaping. Stringent chemistry control in the production of alloy B-2 allows the alloy to be used in the welded condition, and it is less susceptible to stress corrosion cracking under many conditions. Care must be taken in selecting the right alloy for the desired application. Alloy B-2 should not be used at temperatures between 1000°F and 1600°F as the alloy forms secondary phases that could decrease the ductility of the material. |
Alloy B-3
| Bellows Materials | Alloy B-3 |
| Trade Name | Hastelloy B-3 |
| Description | A Nickel-molybdenum alloy with excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. |
| Application Notes | It also withstands sulfuric, acetic, formic and phosphoric acids, and other non-oxidizing media. B-3® alloy has a special chemistry designed to achieve a level of thermal stability. |
| UNS | N10675 |
| Specifications | ASTM B366, ASME SB-366 |
Hastelloy C4
| Bellows Materials | Hastelloy C4 |
| Trade Name | Hastelloy C4 |
| Description | A Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy with outstanding high temperature stability. |
| Application Notes | It has high ductility and corrosion resistance. It’s high temperature resistance up to 1900 °F (1038 °C) makes it suitable for most chemical process application in the “as” welded condition. Resistant to chloride induced stress corrosion cracking |
| Industry Uses /Products | Chemical processing equipment, nuclear fuel processing |
| UNS | N06455 |
| Specifications | ASTM B |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.312 |
| Yield Strength, Sy, Psi | 40000 |
| Tensile Strength, Su, Psi | 100000 |
| Elongation % | 40 |
| Youngs Modulus, E psi | 30800000 |
| Coeff. Thermal Expansion, in/in/˚F | 0.0000108 |
Alloy C22
| Bellows Materials | Alloy C22 |
| Trade Name | Hastelloy C22 |
| Description | A nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with good resistance to both oxidizing and non-oxidizing chemicals, and protection from pitting, crevice attack, and stress corrosion cracking. |
| Application Notes | Its high chromium content provides much higher resistance to oxidizing media than the family standard, C-276 alloy, and imparts exceptional resistance to chloride-induced pitting, to which the stainless steels are prone. |
| Industry Uses /Products | Typical chemical process industry (CPI) applications include reactors, heat exchangers, and columns. |
| UNS | N06022 |
Chemical Compostion, %
| Nickel, Ni | 56 |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 13 |
| Chromium, Cr | 22 |
Alloy C276
| Bellows Materials | Alloy C276 |
| Trade Name | INCONEL® alloy C-276, Hastelloy® C-276 alloy |
| Description | A nickel-molybdenum-chromium-tungsten alloy with excellent corrosion resistance and good fabricability. |
| Application Notes | Nickel Alloy C-276 is a good candidate for most chemical and petrochemical processing applications in the as-welded condition.It has excellent resistance to reducing acids, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, brine solutions, oxidizing chlorides, and hot seawater. Hastelloy C-276 is also one of the few materials resistant to wet chlorine gas, hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide. This particular nickel alloy has exceptional resistance to crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, as well as chloride pitting. It’s low carbon content minimizes carbide precipitation during welding preserves its excellent resistance to corrosion during welding. |
| BSI Products | Bellows |
| UNS | N10276 |
| Specifications | ASTM B, ASME SB- |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.321 |
Chemical Compostion, %
| Iron, Fe | 5 |
| Nickel, Ni | 57 |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 16 |
| Chromium, Cr | 16 |
| Manganese, Mg | 1 |
| Cobalt | 2.5 |
| Tungsten, T | 4 |
| Copper, Cu | 0.5 |
Other Comments
While it does have good oxidation resistance up to 1800°F, Hastelloy alloy C-276 is generally not recommended for elevated temperature service.
Alloy 230
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 230 |
| Trade Name | Haynes 230 |
| Description | A nickel-chromium-tungsten-molybdenum alloy, designed to combine excellent high temperature strength, oxidation resistance (up to 2100 °F), nitriding resistance and long term stability. |
| Application Notes | Alloy 230 is a solid-solution-strengthened material which combines excellent high-temperature strength with good fabricability at room temperature. It is particularly effective for prolonged exposure at temperatures of 1200 °F (649 °C) or more. |
| Industry Uses / Products | Enduring temperatures as high as 2100°F (1149° C), HS 230 plates are ideal for aerospace applications, including Combustion cans, Gas turbine components Transition ducts |
| BSI Products | High temperature Bellows |
| UNS | N06230 |
| Specifications | ASTM B435, ASME SB-435, AMS 5878 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.327 |
| Yield Strength, Sy, Psi | 45000 |
| Tensile Strength, Su, Psi | 110000 |
| Elongation % | 40 |
Chemical Compostion, %
| Nickel, Ni | 57 |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 2 |
| Chromium, Cr | 22 |
| Tungsten, T | 14 |
Other Comments
Is capable of outlasting stainless steels and nickel alloys by as much as 100 to 1 depending upon the temperature
Alloy 242
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 242 |
| Trade Name | Haynes 242 |
| Description | An age-hardenable nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy which derives its strength from a long-range-ordering reaction upon aging. |
| Application Notes | It has tensile and creep strength properties up to 1300°F (705°C) which are as much as double those for solid solution strengthened alloys, but with high ductility in the aged condition. The thermal characteristics of 242 alloy are much lower than those for most other alloys, and it has very good oxidation resistance up to 1500°F(815°C). Other attractive features include excellent low cycle fatigue properties, very good thermal stability, and resistance to high-temperature fluorine and fluoride environments. |
| UNS | N10242 |
| Specifications | ASTM B434, ASME SB-435, AMS 5879 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.327 |
Chemical Compostion, %
| Iron, Fe | 2 |
| Nickel, Ni | 63 |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 25 |
| Chromium, Cr | 8 |
| Manganese, Mg | 0.8 |
| Cobalt | 1 |
Alloy 244
| Bellows Materials | Alloy 244 |
| Trade Name | Haynes 244 |
| Description | A new Ni-Mo-Cr-W alloy developed for static parts in advanced gas turbine engines which require low thermal expansion at temperatures up to 1400°F (760°C). |
| Application Notes | It offers a higher maximum use temperature than other low thermal expansion alloys currently available, including a 100-200°F (55-110°C) improvement over HAYNES® 242® alloy. The alloy is age-hardenable. |
| Specifications | ASTM B435, ASME SB-435, AMS 5880 |
Material Properties
| Density, ρ, lbs/in^3 | 0.335 |
Chemical Compostion, %
| Iron, Fe | 2 |
| Nickel, Ni | 60 |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 22.5 |
| Chromium, Cr | 8 |
| Manganese, Mg | 0.8 |
| Tungsten, T | 6 |